Since ancient times, intellectuals have always been the most concerned about politics. Despite the inevitable faults of scholars, without a doubt, they cared more about politics than the general populace and had more definite political demands.
Before entering the Industrial Revolution, the majority of violent revolutions initiated by the lower classes sought to eliminate wealth disparity, religious beliefs, and unreasonable taxes rather than demanding political participation or proposing political claims. For the ordinary people, living a peaceful life was everything, and only when their lives became unbearable would they rise up in revolt. As for what to do after revolting, how to govern a country, or what kind of country to establish—these were concerns the lower classes neither had the leisure to ponder nor could understand.
